From a159bed3ba928fcdb8567bc912f8cd3adc9adc19 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: akildemir <akildemir72@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 8 Aug 2025 14:54:55 +0300
Subject: [PATCH] remove tools::add_element

---
 src/carrot_core/output_set_finalization.cpp |   6 +-
 src/carrot_impl/format_utils.cpp            |   3 +-
 src/common/container_helpers.h              |   7 --
 src/wallet/scanning_tools.cpp               |   5 +-
 src/wallet/wallet2.cpp                      |   2 +-
 tests/unit_tests/carrot_impl.cpp            | 101 ++++++++++----------
 tests/unit_tests/x25519.cpp                 |   4 +-
 7 files changed, 59 insertions(+), 69 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/carrot_core/output_set_finalization.cpp b/src/carrot_core/output_set_finalization.cpp
index 3c0b4b6..c72f455 100644
--- a/src/carrot_core/output_set_finalization.cpp
+++ b/src/carrot_core/output_set_finalization.cpp
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ void get_output_enote_proposals(const std::vector<CarrotPaymentProposalV1> &norm
     // construct normal enotes
     for (size_t i = 0; i < normal_payment_proposals.size(); ++i)
     {
-        auto &output_entry = tools::add_element(sortable_data);
+        auto &output_entry = sortable_data.emplace_back();
         output_entry.second = {false, i};
 
         encrypted_payment_id_t encrypted_payment_id;
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ void get_output_enote_proposals(const std::vector<CarrotPaymentProposalV1> &norm
     {
         const CarrotPaymentProposalSelfSendV1 &selfsend_payment_proposal = selfsend_payment_proposals.at(i);
 
-        auto &output_entry = tools::add_element(sortable_data);
+        auto &output_entry = sortable_data.emplace_back();
         output_entry.second = {true, i};
 
         if (s_view_balance_dev != nullptr)
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ void get_coinbase_output_enotes(const std::vector<CarrotPaymentProposalV1> &norm
     {
         get_coinbase_output_proposal_v1(normal_payment_proposals[i],
             block_index,
-            tools::add_element(output_coinbase_enotes_out));
+            output_coinbase_enotes_out.emplace_back());
     }
 
     // assert uniqueness and non-trivial-ness of D_e
diff --git a/src/carrot_impl/format_utils.cpp b/src/carrot_impl/format_utils.cpp
index ab980b8..b97ed6c 100644
--- a/src/carrot_impl/format_utils.cpp
+++ b/src/carrot_impl/format_utils.cpp
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 #include "carrot_core/enote_utils.h"
 #include "carrot_core/exceptions.h"
 #include "carrot_core/payment_proposal.h"
-#include "common/container_helpers.h"
 #include "cryptonote_basic/cryptonote_format_utils.h"
 #include "cryptonote_core/cryptonote_tx_utils.h"
 #include "cryptonote_config.h"
@@ -258,7 +257,7 @@ cryptonote::transaction store_carrot_to_transaction_v1(const std::vector<CarrotE
         }});
 
         //a_enc
-        rct::ecdhTuple &ecdh_tuple = tools::add_element(tx.rct_signatures.ecdhInfo);
+        rct::ecdhTuple &ecdh_tuple = tx.rct_signatures.ecdhInfo.emplace_back();
         memcpy(ecdh_tuple.amount.bytes, enote.amount_enc.bytes, sizeof(ecdh_tuple.amount));
 
         //C_a
diff --git a/src/common/container_helpers.h b/src/common/container_helpers.h
index 48642c5..73f1d5f 100644
--- a/src/common/container_helpers.h
+++ b/src/common/container_helpers.h
@@ -138,13 +138,6 @@ bool keys_match_internal_values(const std::unordered_map<KeyT, ValueT> &map, Pre
 
     return true;
 }
-/// convenience wrapper for getting the last element after emplacing back
-template <typename ContainerT>
-typename ContainerT::value_type& add_element(ContainerT &container)
-{
-    container.emplace_back();
-    return container.back();
-}
 /// convenience erasor for unordered maps: std::erase_if(std::unordered_map) is C++20
 template <typename KeyT, typename ValueT, typename PredT>
 void for_all_in_map_erase_if(std::unordered_map<KeyT, ValueT> &map_inout, PredT predicate)
diff --git a/src/wallet/scanning_tools.cpp b/src/wallet/scanning_tools.cpp
index beed81e..c181337 100644
--- a/src/wallet/scanning_tools.cpp
+++ b/src/wallet/scanning_tools.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@
 #include "carrot_core/lazy_amount_commitment.h"
 #include "carrot_core/scan.h"
 #include "carrot_impl/format_utils.h"
-#include "common/container_helpers.h"
 #include "crypto/generators.h"
 #include "cryptonote_basic/cryptonote_format_utils.h"
 #include "ringct/rctOps.h"
@@ -487,14 +486,14 @@ void perform_ecdh_derivations(const epee::span<const crypto::public_key> main_tx
         {
             hwdev.generate_key_derivation(main_tx_ephemeral_pubkey,
                 k_view_incoming,
-                tools::add_element(main_derivations_out));
+                main_derivations_out.emplace_back());
         }
 
         for (const crypto::public_key &additional_tx_ephemeral_pubkey : additional_tx_ephemeral_pubkeys)
         {
             hwdev.generate_key_derivation(additional_tx_ephemeral_pubkey,
                 k_view_incoming,
-                tools::add_element(additional_derivations_out));
+                additional_derivations_out.emplace_back());
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/wallet/wallet2.cpp b/src/wallet/wallet2.cpp
index a152478..a7ca42f 100644
--- a/src/wallet/wallet2.cpp
+++ b/src/wallet/wallet2.cpp
@@ -2621,7 +2621,7 @@ void wallet2::process_new_scanned_transaction(
         continue;
 
     // update m_transfers view-incoming scan info, and default values
-    transfer_details& td = tools::add_element(m_transfers);
+    transfer_details& td = m_transfers.emplace_back();
     td.m_block_height = height;
     td.m_internal_output_index = local_output_index;
     td.m_global_output_index = o_indices.at(local_output_index);
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/carrot_impl.cpp b/tests/unit_tests/carrot_impl.cpp
index ae2eb31..b5c52bf 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/carrot_impl.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/carrot_impl.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@
 #include "carrot_impl/tx_proposal_utils.h"
 #include "carrot_impl/input_selection.h"
 #include "carrot_mock_helpers.h"
-#include "common/container_helpers.h"
 #include "crypto/generators.h"
 #include "cryptonote_basic/account.h"
 #include "cryptonote_basic/subaddress_index.h"
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ static void unittest_scan_enote_set_multi_account(const std::vector<CarrotEnoteV
     res.reserve(accounts.size());
 
     for (const auto *account : accounts)
-        mock_scan_enote_set(enotes, encrypted_payment_id, *account, tools::add_element(res));
+        mock_scan_enote_set(enotes, encrypted_payment_id, *account, res.emplace_back());
 }
 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 //----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -357,7 +356,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_1)
     acc1.generate();
 
     // 1 normal payment
-    CarrotPaymentProposalV1 &normal_payment_proposal = tools::add_element( tx_proposal.per_account_payments[0].second).first;
+    CarrotPaymentProposalV1 &normal_payment_proposal = tx_proposal.per_account_payments[0].second.emplace_back().first;
     normal_payment_proposal = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc0.cryptonote_address(),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx((rct::xmr_amount) 1ull << 63),
@@ -396,21 +395,21 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_2)
     tx_proposal.self_sender_index = 2;
 
     // 1 subaddress payment
-    tools::add_element(acc0.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc0.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc0.first.subaddress({{2, 3}}),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
     };
 
     // 1 main address payment
-    tools::add_element(acc1.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc1.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc1.first.cryptonote_address(),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
     };
 
     // 1 integrated address payment
-    tools::add_element(acc3.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc3.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc3.first.cryptonote_address(gen_payment_id()),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -445,7 +444,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_3)
     tx_proposal.self_sender_index = 2;
 
     // 2 subaddress payment
-    tools::add_element(acc0.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc0.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc0.first.subaddress({{2, 3}}),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -454,7 +453,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_3)
     acc0.second.back().first.randomness = gen_janus_anchor(); //mangle anchor_norm
 
     // 2 main address payment
-    tools::add_element(acc1.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc1.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc1.first.cryptonote_address(),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -463,7 +462,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_3)
     acc1.second.back().first.randomness = gen_janus_anchor(); //mangle anchor_norm
 
     // 1 integrated address payment
-    tools::add_element(acc3.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc3.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc3.first.cryptonote_address(gen_payment_id()),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -498,7 +497,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_4)
     tx_proposal.self_sender_index = 2;
 
     // 2 subaddress payment
-    tools::add_element(acc0.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc0.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc0.first.subaddress({{2, 3}}),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -507,7 +506,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_4)
     acc0.second.back().first.randomness = gen_janus_anchor(); //mangle anchor_norm
 
     // 2 main address payment
-    tools::add_element(acc1.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc1.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc1.first.cryptonote_address(),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -516,14 +515,14 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_4)
     acc1.second.back().first.randomness = gen_janus_anchor(); //mangle anchor_norm
 
     // 1 integrated address payment
-    tools::add_element(acc3.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc3.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc3.first.cryptonote_address(gen_payment_id()),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
     };
 
     // 1 main address selfsend
-    tools::add_element(tx_proposal.explicit_selfsend_proposals).first.proposal = CarrotPaymentProposalSelfSendV1{
+    tx_proposal.explicit_selfsend_proposals.emplace_back().first.proposal = CarrotPaymentProposalSelfSendV1{
         .destination_address_spend_pubkey = acc2.first.carrot_account_spend_pubkey,
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .enote_type = CarrotEnoteType::PAYMENT,
@@ -531,7 +530,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_4)
     };
 
     // 1 subaddress selfsend
-    tools::add_element(tx_proposal.explicit_selfsend_proposals).first = CarrotPaymentProposalVerifiableSelfSendV1{
+    tx_proposal.explicit_selfsend_proposals.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalVerifiableSelfSendV1{
         .proposal = CarrotPaymentProposalSelfSendV1{
             .destination_address_spend_pubkey = acc2.first.subaddress({{4, 19}}).address_spend_pubkey,
             .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
@@ -562,7 +561,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_5)
     acc1.generate(AddressDeriveType::PreCarrot);
 
     // 1 normal payment
-    CarrotPaymentProposalV1 &normal_payment_proposal = tools::add_element( tx_proposal.per_account_payments[0].second).first;
+    CarrotPaymentProposalV1 &normal_payment_proposal = tx_proposal.per_account_payments[0].second.emplace_back().first;
     normal_payment_proposal = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc0.cryptonote_address(),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx((rct::xmr_amount) 1ull << 63),
@@ -601,21 +600,21 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_6)
     tx_proposal.self_sender_index = 2;
 
     // 1 subaddress payment
-    tools::add_element(acc0.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc0.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc0.first.subaddress({{2, 3}}),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
     };
 
     // 1 main address payment
-    tools::add_element(acc1.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc1.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc1.first.cryptonote_address(),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
     };
 
     // 1 integrated address payment
-    tools::add_element(acc3.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc3.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc3.first.cryptonote_address(gen_payment_id()),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -650,7 +649,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_7)
     tx_proposal.self_sender_index = 2;
 
     // 2 subaddress payment
-    tools::add_element(acc0.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc0.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc0.first.subaddress({{2, 3}}),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -659,7 +658,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_7)
     acc0.second.back().first.randomness = gen_janus_anchor(); //mangle anchor_norm
 
     // 2 main address payment
-    tools::add_element(acc1.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc1.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc1.first.cryptonote_address(),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -668,7 +667,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_7)
     acc1.second.back().first.randomness = gen_janus_anchor(); //mangle anchor_norm
 
     // 1 integrated address payment
-    tools::add_element(acc3.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc3.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc3.first.cryptonote_address(gen_payment_id()),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -703,7 +702,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_8)
     tx_proposal.self_sender_index = 2;
 
     // 2 subaddress payment
-    tools::add_element(acc0.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc0.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc0.first.subaddress({{2, 3}}),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -712,7 +711,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_8)
     acc0.second.back().first.randomness = gen_janus_anchor(); //mangle anchor_norm
 
     // 2 main address payment
-    tools::add_element(acc1.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc1.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc1.first.cryptonote_address(),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -721,14 +720,14 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_8)
     acc1.second.back().first.randomness = gen_janus_anchor(); //mangle anchor_norm
 
     // 1 integrated address payment
-    tools::add_element(acc3.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc3.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc3.first.cryptonote_address(gen_payment_id()),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
     };
 
     // 1 main address selfsend
-    tools::add_element(tx_proposal.explicit_selfsend_proposals).first.proposal = CarrotPaymentProposalSelfSendV1{
+    tx_proposal.explicit_selfsend_proposals.emplace_back().first.proposal = CarrotPaymentProposalSelfSendV1{
         .destination_address_spend_pubkey = acc2.first.carrot_account_spend_pubkey,
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .enote_type = CarrotEnoteType::PAYMENT,
@@ -736,7 +735,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_8)
     };
 
     // 1 subaddress selfsend
-    tools::add_element(tx_proposal.explicit_selfsend_proposals).first = CarrotPaymentProposalVerifiableSelfSendV1{
+    tx_proposal.explicit_selfsend_proposals.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalVerifiableSelfSendV1{
         .proposal = CarrotPaymentProposalSelfSendV1{
             .destination_address_spend_pubkey = acc2.first.subaddress({{4, 19}}).address_spend_pubkey,
             .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
@@ -768,7 +767,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_9)
     acc1.generate();
 
     // 1 normal payment (subtractable)
-    CarrotPaymentProposalV1 &normal_payment_proposal = tools::add_element( tx_proposal.per_account_payments[0].second).first;
+    CarrotPaymentProposalV1 &normal_payment_proposal = tx_proposal.per_account_payments[0].second.emplace_back().first;
     normal_payment_proposal = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc0.cryptonote_address(),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx((rct::xmr_amount) 1ull << 63),
@@ -809,21 +808,21 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_10)
     tx_proposal.self_sender_index = 2;
 
     // 1 subaddress payment (subtractable)
-    tools::add_element(acc0.second) = {CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc0.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{ = {CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc0.first.subaddress({{2, 3}}),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
     }, true};
 
     // 1 main address payment
-    tools::add_element(acc1.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc1.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc1.first.cryptonote_address(),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
     };
 
     // 1 integrated address payment
-    tools::add_element(acc3.second) = {CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc3.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc3.first.cryptonote_address(gen_payment_id()),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -859,7 +858,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_11)
     tx_proposal.self_sender_index = 2;
 
     // 2 subaddress payment
-    tools::add_element(acc0.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc0.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc0.first.subaddress({{2, 3}}),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -869,7 +868,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_11)
     acc0.second.back().second = true;                         //set copy as subtractable
 
     // 2 main address payment
-    tools::add_element(acc1.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc1.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc1.first.cryptonote_address(),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -879,7 +878,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_11)
     acc1.second.back().second = true;                         //set copy as subtractable
 
     // 1 integrated address payment
-    tools::add_element(acc3.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc3.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc3.first.cryptonote_address(gen_payment_id()),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -915,7 +914,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_12)
     tx_proposal.self_sender_index = 2;
 
     // 2 subaddress payment (1 subtractable)
-    tools::add_element(acc0.second) = {CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc0.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{ = {CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc0.first.subaddress({{2, 3}}),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -925,7 +924,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_12)
     acc0.second.back().second = false;                        //set not subtractable, first already is
 
     // 2 main address payment
-    tools::add_element(acc1.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc1.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc1.first.cryptonote_address(),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -934,14 +933,14 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_12)
     acc1.second.back().first.randomness = gen_janus_anchor(); //mangle anchor_norm
 
     // 1 integrated address payment (subtractable)
-    tools::add_element(acc3.second) = {CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc3.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc3.first.cryptonote_address(gen_payment_id()),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
     }, true};
 
     // 1 main address selfsend
-    tools::add_element(tx_proposal.explicit_selfsend_proposals).first.proposal = CarrotPaymentProposalSelfSendV1{
+    tx_proposal.explicit_selfsend_proposals.emplace_back().first.proposal = CarrotPaymentProposalSelfSendV1{
         .destination_address_spend_pubkey = acc2.first.carrot_account_spend_pubkey,
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .enote_type = CarrotEnoteType::PAYMENT,
@@ -949,7 +948,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_12)
     };
 
     // 1 subaddress selfsend (subtractable)
-    tools::add_element(tx_proposal.explicit_selfsend_proposals) = {CarrotPaymentProposalVerifiableSelfSendV1{
+    tx_proposal.explicit_selfsend_proposals.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalVerifiableSelfSendV1{
         .proposal = CarrotPaymentProposalSelfSendV1{
             .destination_address_spend_pubkey = acc2.first.subaddress({{4, 19}}).address_spend_pubkey,
             .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
@@ -981,7 +980,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_13)
     acc1.generate(AddressDeriveType::PreCarrot);
 
     // 1 normal payment (subtractable)
-    CarrotPaymentProposalV1 &normal_payment_proposal = tools::add_element( tx_proposal.per_account_payments[0].second).first;
+    CarrotPaymentProposalV1 &normal_payment_proposal = tx_proposal.per_account_payments[0].second.emplace_back().first;
     normal_payment_proposal = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc0.cryptonote_address(),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx((rct::xmr_amount) 1ull << 63),
@@ -1022,21 +1021,21 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_14)
     tx_proposal.self_sender_index = 2;
 
     // 1 subaddress payment (subtractable)
-    tools::add_element(acc0.second) = {CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc0.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{ = {CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc0.first.subaddress({{2, 3}}),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
     }, true};
 
     // 1 main address payment
-    tools::add_element(acc1.second).first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc1.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc1.first.cryptonote_address(),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
     };
 
     // 1 integrated address payment (subtractable)
-    tools::add_element(acc3.second) = {CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc3.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc3.first.cryptonote_address(gen_payment_id()),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -1072,7 +1071,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_15)
     tx_proposal.self_sender_index = 2;
 
     // 2 subaddress payment (subtractable)
-    tools::add_element(acc0.second) = {CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc0.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{ = {CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc0.first.subaddress({{2, 3}}),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -1081,7 +1080,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_15)
     acc0.second.back().first.randomness = gen_janus_anchor(); //mangle anchor_norm
 
     // 2 main address payment (subtractable)
-    tools::add_element(acc1.second) = {CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc1.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc1.first.cryptonote_address(),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -1090,7 +1089,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_15)
     acc1.second.back().first.randomness = gen_janus_anchor(); //mangle anchor_norm
 
     // 1 integrated address payment (subtractable)
-    tools::add_element(acc3.second) = {CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc3.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc3.first.cryptonote_address(gen_payment_id()),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -1126,7 +1125,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_16)
     tx_proposal.self_sender_index = 2;
 
     // 2 subaddress payment (subtractable)
-    tools::add_element(acc0.second) = {CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc0.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{ = {CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc0.first.subaddress({{2, 3}}),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -1135,7 +1134,7 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_16)
     acc0.second.back().first.randomness = gen_janus_anchor(); //mangle anchor_norm
 
     // 2 main address payment (subtractable)
-    tools::add_element(acc1.second) = {CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc1.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc1.first.cryptonote_address(),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
@@ -1144,22 +1143,22 @@ TEST(carrot_impl, multi_account_transfer_over_transaction_16)
     acc1.second.back().first.randomness = gen_janus_anchor(); //mangle anchor_norm
 
     // 1 integrated address payment (subtractable)
-    tools::add_element(acc3.second) = {CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
+    acc3.second.emplace_back().first = CarrotPaymentProposalV1{
         .destination = acc3.first.cryptonote_address(gen_payment_id()),
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .randomness = gen_janus_anchor()
     }, true};
 
     // 1 main address selfsend (subtractable)
-    tools::add_element(tx_proposal.explicit_selfsend_proposals) = {{CarrotPaymentProposalSelfSendV1{
+    tx_proposal.explicit_selfsend_proposals.emplace_back() = {CarrotPaymentProposalSelfSendV1{
         .destination_address_spend_pubkey = acc2.first.carrot_account_spend_pubkey,
         .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
         .enote_type = CarrotEnoteType::PAYMENT,
         // no internal messages for legacy self-sends
-    }}, true};
+    }, true};
 
     // 1 subaddress selfsend (subtractable)
-    tools::add_element(tx_proposal.explicit_selfsend_proposals) = {CarrotPaymentProposalVerifiableSelfSendV1{
+    tx_proposal.explicit_selfsend_proposals.emplace_back() = {CarrotPaymentProposalVerifiableSelfSendV1{
         .proposal = CarrotPaymentProposalSelfSendV1{
             .destination_address_spend_pubkey = acc2.first.subaddress({{4, 19}}).address_spend_pubkey,
             .amount = crypto::rand_idx<rct::xmr_amount>(1000000),
diff --git a/tests/unit_tests/x25519.cpp b/tests/unit_tests/x25519.cpp
index 0505591..63feccc 100644
--- a/tests/unit_tests/x25519.cpp
+++ b/tests/unit_tests/x25519.cpp
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ TEST(x25519, scmul_key_convergence)
     for (unsigned char j = 0; j < 8; ++j)
     {
       // add 2^i + j (sometimes with duplicates, which is okay)
-      mx25519_privkey &s = tools::add_element(scalars);
+      mx25519_privkey &s = scalars.emplace_back();
       memset(s.data, 0, sizeof(mx25519_privkey));
       const int msb_byte_index = i >> 3;
       const int msb_bit_index = i & 7;
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ TEST(x25519, scmul_key_convergence)
   scalars.push_back(hex2pod<mx25519_privkey>("ecffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff7f"));
   // add random
   const rct::key a = rct::skGen();
-  memcpy(tools::add_element(scalars).data, &a, sizeof(mx25519_privkey));
+  memcpy(scalars.emplace_back().data, &a, sizeof(mx25519_privkey));
 
   std::vector<std::pair<rct::key, mx25519_pubkey>> points;
   // add base point